| Gujarati Consonant | Romanisation | Pronounced as | Tongue position |
|---|---|---|---|
| ક |
ka |
pickle | velar |
| ખ |
kha |
khaki | velar |
| ગ |
ga |
fog | velar |
| ઘ |
gha |
like g above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | Velar |
| ચ |
cha |
voucher | palatal |
| છ |
chha |
like ch above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | palatal |
| જ |
ja |
jack | palatal |
| ઝ |
jha |
like j above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | palatal |
| ટ |
ṭa |
train, but the tongue curled further back and with less aspiration | cerebral |
| ઠ |
ṭha |
like ṭ above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | cerebral |
| ડ |
ḍa |
dull | cerebral |
| ઢ |
ḍha |
like ḍ above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | cerebral |
| ત |
ta |
thin, but pronounced as stay | dental |
| થ |
tha |
like t above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | dental |
| દ |
da |
the voiced counterpart as "t" | dental |
| ધ |
dha |
like d above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | dental |
| પ |
pa |
up | labial |
| ફ |
pha |
for (aspirated p) | labial |
| બ |
ba |
burn | labial |
| ભ |
bha |
like b above, but with an aspirated "h" at the end | labial |
| મ |
ma |
me | dental |
| ન |
na |
no | cerebral |
| ય |
ya |
yes | palatal |
| ર |
ra |
rush (the tip of the tongue should actually touch the teeth ridge) | dental |
| લ |
la |
leaf, luck | dental |
| વ |
va |
verge | labial |
| શ |
sha |
shut | velar |
| ષ |
Sha |
this was originally a retroflex, but it is usually pronounced as શ | |
| સ |
sa |
sat, support | cerebral |
| હ |
ha |
hush | glottal |
| ળ |
ḷa |
the tip of the tongue bends back upwards and direct the airstream over the sides. The sides of tongue touches the gum postalveolar and comes down with a flap. | retroflex apico postalveolar (cerebral) |
| ણ |
ṇa |
similar to ળ sound but the difference here is, that the air comes only trough the nose and not trough the mouth. So you curled the tongue and before you touch the gum you lower your velum (as if you want to say "ng" like in "angry") and then the tongue makes a short flap palatal and comes immediately down so it will sound more like an "n". | palatal |
| ક્ષ |
ksha |
||
| જ્ઞ |
gna |
These are normal consonants. You can learn more about Gujarati Joint Consonants here.